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- <text>
- <title>
- Sudan: Economy
- </title>
- <article><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Sudan
- Economy</hdr><body>
- <p>Overview: Sudan is buffeted by civil war, chronic political
- instability, adverse weather, high inflation, a drop in
- remittances from abroad, and counterproductive economic
- policies. The economy is dominated by governmental entities that
- account for more than 70% of new investment. The private
- sector's main areas of activity are agriculture and trading,
- with most private industrial investment predating 1980. The
- economy's base is agriculture, which employs 80% of the work
- force. Industry mainly processes agricultural items. Sluggish
- economic performance over the past decade, attributable largely
- to declining annual rainfall, has reduced levels of per capita
- income and consumption. A large foreign debt and huge arrearages
- continue to cause difficulties. In 1990 the International
- Monetary Fund took the unusual step of declaring Sudan
- noncooperative because of its nonpayment of arrearages to the
- Fund. Despite subsequent government efforts to implement reforms
- urged by the IMF and the World Bank, the economy remained
- stagnant in FY91 as entrepreneurs lack the incentive to take
- economic risks. Growth in 1992 was featured by the recovery of
- agricultural production in northern Sudan after two years of
- drought.
- </p>
- <p>National product: GDP - exchange rate conversion - $5.2
- billion (FY92 est.)
- </p>
- <p>National product real growth rate: 9% (FY92 est.)
- </p>
- <p>National product per capita: $184 (FY92 est.)
- </p>
- <p>Inflation rate (consumer prices): 150% (FY92 est.)
- </p>
- <p>Unemployment rate: 30% (FY92 est.)
- </p>
- <p>Budget: revenues $1.3 billion; expenditures $2.1 billion,
- including capital expenditures of $505 million (FY91 est.)
- </p>
- <list>
- <l>Exports: $315 million (f.o.b., FY92 est.)</l>
- <l> commodities: cotton 52%, sesame, gum arabic, peanuts</l>
- <l> partners: Western Europe 46%, Saudi Arabia 14%, Eastern
- Europe 9%, Japan 9%, US 3% (FY88)</l>
- <l>Imports: $1.3 billion (c.i.f., FY92 est.)</l>
- <l> commodities: foodstuffs, petroleum products, manufactured
- goods, machinery and equipment, medicines and chemicals,
- textiles</l>
- <l> partners: Western Europe 32%, Africa and Asia 15%, US 13%,
- Eastern Europe 3% (FY88)</l>
- </list>
- <p>External debt: $15 billion (June 1992 est.)
- </p>
- <p>Industrial production: growth rate 4.8%; accounts for 11% of
- GDP (FY92)
- </p>
- <p>Electricity: 610,000 kW capacity; 905 million kWh produced, 40
- kWh per capita (1991)
- </p>
- <p>Industries: cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils,
- sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining
- </p>
- <p>Agriculture: accounts for 35% of GDP and 80% of labor force;
- water shortages; two-thirds of land area suitable for raising
- crops and livestock; major products - cotton, oilseeds, sorghum,
- millet, wheat, gum arabic, sheep; marginally self-sufficient in
- most foods
- </p>
- <p>Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.5
- billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral
- commitments (1970-89), $5.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid
- (1979-89), $3.1 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $588
- million
- </p>
- <p>Currency: 1 Sudanese pound (#Sd)=100 piasters
- </p>
- <p>Exchange rates: official rate - Sudanese pounds (#Sd) per US$1
- - 124 (January 1993), 90.1 (March 1992), 5.4288 (1991), 4.5004
- (fixed rate since 1987), 2.8121 (1987); note - free market rate
- 155 (January 1993)
- </p>
- <p>Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June
- </p></body></article></text>
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